Text 49

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TrismegistosTM text 101496

Provenance: Sai
Region: Nobadia
Findspot: unknown, perhaps cathedral
Excavation no.
Present location: Ali Dinar Museum, el-Fashir
Museum no.: SNM 15 (old)

Medium: stela
Technique: incised
Type of text: epitaph
Language: Coptic
Content: epitaph of Iesou, bishop of Sai
Date: 15 May 1054
Notes: weekday correct

Material: sandstone
Object dimensions: H: 34; W: 27
Text dimensions
Object colour
Text colour
Lines: 24
Height of letters

Description: rectangular slab; epigraphic field framed by incised line on upper, left and right sides
Decorative elements
State of preservation: complete; last line partly worn away

Date: 15 May 1054
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar
day of the week
Era of Diocletian

Dating formulae: ⲛⲥⲟⲩ ϫⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲙⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲡⲁⲭⲱⲛⲓ ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̇ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ ⲛ̇ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̇ϫⲡⲥⲟ
ⲁⲡ [ⲇ]ⲓⲟⲕⲗⲏ⸌ⲧ⸍ ⲉⲧⲏ ⲯ̄︤ⲟ︦
Transcription: "on day twenty of the month of Pachon, the day of Sunday, at the sixth hour" (ll. 12–14)
"years from Diocletian 770" (ll. 22–23)
Months: ⲡⲁⲭⲱⲛⲓ
Weakdays: ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̇ⲧⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲏ
Feasts

Offices & titles: abba (ⲁ︦ⲃ︦): l. 10
bishop of Sai (ⲡⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲍⲁⲏ): ll. 10–11
monk of (monastery of) Ittide (ⲡⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲓⲧⲧⲇⲏ): l. 11

Toponyms & ethnonyms: Sai (ⲍⲁⲏ): l. 11
(monastery of) Ittide (ⲉⲓⲧⲧⲇⲏ): l. 11

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: I. Khartoum Copt., pl. XX
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Khartoum Copt. 27, pl. 20
Other editions: Steindorff 1907–1908, pp. 71–74; Kraus 1930, pp. 125–127; SB Kopt. 1 429

Other publications: Budge 1907, pp. 464–466, fig. on p. 465; DACL 2/3, col. 2882; Kaufmann 1917, pp. 252–253, fig. 175; Junker 1925b, passim; Monneret de Villard 1935–1957: 1, p. 238; MacCoull – Worp 1990, p. 399; Łajtar 2001b, p. 64; Hinkel – Abdelrahman Ali Mohamed 2002, pp. 2–3; Łajtar 2006a, p. 93; CSBE(2), p. 81, n. 89, p. 316; Tsakos 2009b, p. 201; CSCN, table 47 on p. 337; Tsakos 2011–2012, p. 299 (no. 2); Richter 2013, p. 151; Łajtar 2014b, n. 24 on p. 226

Text 50

Stable url

TrismegistosTM text 141215

Provenance: Mushu (Mesho)
Region: Makuria
Findspot: perhaps near well, E of modern Muslim tombs
Excavation no.
Present location: Sudan National Museum, Khartoum; upper half in Kerma Museum
Museum no.: SNM 11463

Medium: stela
Technique: incised before firing
Type of text: epitaph
Language: Coptic
Content: epitaph of Petros, monk
Date: 800–999
Notes

Material: terracotta
Object dimensions: H: 42.5; W: 34; Th: 3.5
Text dimensions
Object colour: pinkish
Text colour
Lines: 11
Height of letters: 1.5-3.5

Description: fragment of terracotta plaque; epigraphic field framed by incised line
Decorative elements
State of preservation: fragmentarily preserved, put together from 5 pieces; lower right corner lacking

Date: 800–999
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar

Dating formulae: [ⲛⲥⲟ]ⲩ ⲓ̣ⲑ̣ [ⲙ]ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ [ⲑⲟⲟ]ⲩ̣ⲧ̣
Transcription: "[on day] 19 (?) of the month of Thoth (?)" (ll. 6–7)
Months: [ⲑⲟⲟ]ⲩ̣ⲧ̣
Weakdays
Feasts

Offices & titles: brother (= monk) (ⲡⲥⲟⲛ): l. 4

Toponyms & ethnonyms

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: photo by W. Godlewski
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Khartoum Copt. 28, pl. 20
Other editions

Other publications: Tsakos 2009b, pp. 201–2 (no. 5); Tsakos 2010a, p. 684 (no. 9)

Text 51

Stable url

TrismegistosTM text 141216

Provenance: Ghazali
Region: Makuria
Findspot: Shinnie and Chittick’s excavations, two fragments in packing in front of main entrance; one fragment in cemetery 2 in unknown circumstances
Excavation no.: not registered
Present location: Sudan National Museum, Khartoum
Museum no.: SNM 11268 and 11613

Medium: stela
Technique: incised
Type of text: epitaph
Language: Coptic
Content: fragment of epitaph of Balo, monk
Date: 700–999
Notes

Material: sandstone
Object dimensions: H: 39.5; W: 27.5; Th: 10
Text dimensions
Object colour: brown
Text colour
Lines: 12
Height of letters: 2-3

Description: Three joining pieces from the lower part of a sandstone slab, with a large fragment of the right margin, small fragment of the left one, and traces of the lower right corner. The epigraphic field framed by an incised line, leaving the outer margins of ca. 1 cm on the left and 1.5 cm on the right. The borderline must have been incised after the execution of the text, because it is interrupted at the height of line 6 in order not to damage its final letter.
Decorative elements
State of preservation: fragmentary; put together from three peices; part of left side and small piece from centre preserved

Date: 700–999
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar

Dating formulae: [ ̣ ̣ ⲙⲡⲉⲃ]ⲟ̣ⲧ ⲡⲁⲩ̈ⲛⲓ
[… ⲙ]ⲡ̣ⲁⲩ̈ⲛⲓ
Transcription: "[on day ... of the] month of Payni" (l. 2) "Payni" (l. 12)
Months: ⲡⲁⲩ̈ⲛⲓ
ⲡ̣ⲁⲩ̈ⲛⲓ
Weakdays
Feasts

Offices & titles: brother (= monk) ([ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲟ]ⲛ): l. 3

Toponyms & ethnonyms

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: I. Ghazali 143
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Ghazali 143
Other editions: Shinnie – Chittick 1961, p. 77, no. 24 (cf. p. 84, no. 52); I. Khartoum Copt. 46, pl. 28

Other publications

Text 52

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TrismegistosTM text 141217

Provenance: Ghazali
Region: Makuria
Findspot: Shinnie and Chittick’s excavations, cemetery 2, unknown circumstances
Excavation no.: not registered
Present location: Sudan National Museum, Khartoum
Museum no.: SNM 11271

Medium: sepulchral cross
Technique: incised
Type of text: epitaph
Language: unidentified
Content: fragment of epitaph
Date: 700–999
Notes

Material: sandstone
Object dimensions: H: 12; W: 12; Th: 5
Text dimensions
Object colour: grey-brown
Text colour
Lines: 1
Height of letters: 3-3.5

Description: Fragment of the right horizontal bar of a sepulchral cross, widening towards the edge.
Decorative elements
State of preservation: fragmentary; only right arm preserved

Date: 700–999
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar

Dating formulae: [---]ⲫ̣ⲓ ⲅ̄
Transcription: "Phaophi/Epeiph 3" (l. 1)
Months: [---]ⲫⲓ
Weakdays
Feasts

Offices & titles

Toponyms & ethnonyms

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: I. Ghazali 208
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Ghazali 208
Other editions: Shinnie – Chittick 1961, p. 85, no. 55; I. Khartoum Copt. 49, pl. 30, upper

Other publications

Text 53

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TrismegistosTM text 141218

Provenance: Ghazali
Region: Makuria
Findspot: Shinnie and Chittick’s excavations, cemetery 2, unknown circumstances
Excavation no.: not registered
Present location: Sudan National Museum, Khartoum
Museum no.: SNM 11273d

Medium: stela
Technique: incised before firing
Type of text: epitaph
Language: Coptic
Content: fragment of epitaph
Date: 700–999
Notes

Material: terracotta
Object dimensions: H: 11; W: 10; Th: 2.5
Text dimensions
Object colour: red
Text colour
Lines: 4
Height of letters: c. 2–3

Description: Fragment of the right margin of a plaque. The epigraphic field framed by an incised line, leaving the margin of ca. 1 cm in width.
Decorative elements
State of preservation: fragmentary; part right margin preserved

Date: 700–999
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar

Dating formulae: [--- ⲥⲟⲩ]ⲙ̣ⲛⲧ[--- ⲙⲡⲉ]ⲃⲟⲧ ⲉ[---]
Transcription: "on the [---]teenth of the month of Epeiph" (ll. 2–4)
Months: ⲉ[---
Weakdays
Feasts

Offices & titles

Toponyms & ethnonyms

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: I. Ghazali 92
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Ghazali 92
Other editions: Shinnie – Chittick 1961, p. 80, no. 35; I. Khartoum Copt. 53, pl. 32, upper

Other publications

Text 54

Stable url

TrismegistosTM text 141219

Provenance: Ghazali
Region: Makuria
Findspot: Shinnie and Chittick’s excavations, east of the monastery
Excavation no.: not registered
Present location: Sudan National Museum, Khartoum
Museum no.: SNM 11273 f

Medium: stela
Technique: incised before firing
Type of text: epitaph
Language: Coptic
Content: fragment of epitaph of unidentified monk (?)
Date: 700–999
Notes

Material: terracotta
Object dimensions: H: 8; W: 10.5; Th: 2.5
Text dimensions
Object colour: surface brown
Text colour
Lines: 3 (4 reconstructed)
Height of letters: 2

Description: Fragment of the left margin of a plaque. The epigraphic field framed by a an incised line, leaving the margin of ca. 1 cm in width on the right. The text ruled with incised lines, forming registers of ca. 2.5 cm in height.
Decorative elements
State of preservation: fragmentary; part of left margin

Date: 700–999
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar

Dating formulae: ⲫⲁⲙⲉ̣[ⲛⲱⲑ ---]
Transcription: "Phamenoth" (l. 2)
Months: ⲫⲁⲙⲉ̣[ⲛⲱⲑ
Weakdays
Feasts

Offices & titles: brother (= monk) (?) ([ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲟⲛ]): l. 1

Toponyms & ethnonyms

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: I. Ghazali 88
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Ghazali 88
Other editions: Shinnie – Chittick 1961, p. 81, no. 37; I. Khartoum Copt. 55, pl. 33, upper

Other publications

Text 55

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TrismegistosTM text 141220

Provenance: Ghazali
Region: Makuria
Findspot: Shinnie and Chittick’s excavations, cemetery 2, in situ in grave no. 3
Excavation no.: no. 3
Present location: Sudan National Museum, Khartoum
Museum no.: SNM 11275

Medium: stela
Technique: incised before firing
Type of text: epitaph
Language: Coptic
Content: fragment of epitaph of Tirsakouni, monk
Date: 700–999
Notes

Material: terracotta
Object dimensions: H: 32; W: 31; Th: 2
Text dimensions
Object colour: grey-brown
Text colour
Lines: 6 (7 reconstructed)
Height of letters: 3-4

Description: Lower half of a plaque, with only a small piece of the lower left corner broken off. The epigraphic field framed by an incised line, leaving margin of ca. 1.5 cm in width.
Decorative elements
State of preservation: incomplete; upper part completely destroyed and the uppermost surviving line heavily eroded

Date: 700–999
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar

Dating formulae: ⲫⲁⲙⲉ⸌ⲛ⸍ⲑ ⲕ̄︤ⲑ︥
Transcription: "Phamenoth 29" (l. 4)
Months: ⲫⲁⲙⲉ⸌ⲛ⸍ⲑ
Weakdays
Feasts

Offices & titles: monk (ⲡⲙⲟ⸌ⲭ⸍): l. 3

Toponyms & ethnonyms

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: I. Ghazali 77
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Ghazali 77
Other editions: Shinnie – Chittick 1961, p. 86, no. 58, pl. 27a; I. Khartoum Copt. 67, pl. 40

Other publications

Text 56

Stable url

TrismegistosTM text 141221

Provenance: Ghazali
Region: Makuria
Findspot: Shinnie and Chittick’s excavations, findspot not recorded
Excavation no.: not registered
Present location: Sudan National Museum, Khartoum
Museum no.: SNM 11281

Medium: stela
Technique: incised
Type of text: epitaph
Language: Coptic
Content: epitaph of apa Markos, monk
Date: 700–999
Notes: will/wish type

Material: sandstone
Object dimensions: H: 26; W: 21; Th: 10
Text dimensions
Object colour: white
Text colour
Lines: 9
Height of letters: 1.5–2

Description: Upper right part of a slab with the left margin missing along with 2–4 letters at the beginning of the lines. Lower part broken off. The epigraphic field framed by an incised line, leaving margin of 2–2.5 cm in width.
Decorative elements
State of preservation: right upper corner preserved; surface heavily worn and damaged in places.

Date: 700–999
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar

Dating formulae: ⲛ̄ⲥⲟ⸌ⲩ⸍ [ϫⲟⲩ]ⲱⲧ ⲙ̣ⲡⲁ[ ̣ ̣ ̣]
Transcription: "on day twenty of (the month of) Pa[...] (Pachon, Payni, Phaophi)" (ll. 5–6)
Months: ⲡⲁ[---
Weakdays
Feasts

Offices & titles: apa (ⲁ̣ⲡ̣ⲁ): l. 4
monk ([ⲡⲙⲟ]ⲛ̣ⲁⲭⲟⲥ): l. 5

Toponyms & ethnonyms

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: I. Ghazali 58
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Ghazali 58
Other editions: Shinnie – Chittick 1961, p. 88, no. 63; I. Khartoum Copt. 72, pl. 43, upper

Other publications

Text 57

Stable url

TrismegistosTM text 141222

Provenance: Ghazali
Region: Makuria
Findspot: Shinnie and Chittick’s excavations:
(a): cemetery 2, unknown circumstances
(b): bottom of stair in south-western corner of northern church
Excavation no.: I 1
Present location: Sudan National Museum, Khartoum
Museum no.: SNM 11591

Medium: stela
Technique: incised before firing
Type of text: epitaph
Language: Coptic
Content: fragment of epitaph of monk
Date: 700–999
Notes: keleusis type

Material: terracotta
Object dimensions: H: 20; W: 20; Th: 2
Text dimensions
Object colour: pinkish
Text colour
Lines: 9 (10 reconstructed)
Height of letters: 1–1.5 (2.5–3 in l. 1)

Description: Upper right part of a plaque, put together of two pieces: (a) – central part of the upper margin near the left corner, (b) – upper right quarter. The epigraphic field framed by a double incised line, discontinued in the upper part of the right margin, leaving the outer margins of ca. 1 cm on the right and 2 cm on the top.
Decorative elements
State of preservation: fragmentary; right upper corner preserved

Date: 700–999
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar

Dating formulae: ⲛ̄ⲥⲟⲩ [ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣]ⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲧⲱ[ⲃⲉ]
Transcription: "on the [...] of the month of Tybi" (ll. 5–7)
Months: ⲧⲱ[ⲃⲉ
Weakdays
Feasts

Offices & titles: father (= abbot?) ([ⲡ]ⲉⲓⲱⲧ): l. 4
senior monk (ⲡϩ︦ⲗ︦): l. 4
monk ([ⲡ]ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ): l. 5

Toponyms & ethnonyms

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: I. Ghazali 49
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Ghazali 49
Other editions: Shinnie – Chittick 1961, p. 70, no. 1; I. Khartoum Copt. 74, pl. 45, lower

Other publications: Obłuski 2019, pp. 277, 289

Text 58

Stable url

TrismegistosTM text 141223

Provenance: Ghazali
Region: Makuria
Findspot: Shinnie and Chittick’s excavations, outside southern door of northern church
Excavation no.: not registered
Present location: Sudan National Museum, Khartoum
Museum no.: SNM 11593

Medium: stela
Technique: incised before firing & painted
Type of text: epitaph
Language: Coptic
Content: fragment of epitaph
Date: 700–999
Notes

Material: terracotta
Object dimensions: H: 10.5; W: 12; Th: 2
Text dimensions
Object colour: surface pink
Text colour: traces of light paint
Lines: 4
Height of letters: 2-2.5

Description: Lower left corner of a plaque. Traces of light paint still visible.
Decorative elements
State of preservation: fragmentary; lower left corner preserved

Date: 700–999
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar

Dating formulae: ⲫⲁⲣⲙ̣[ⲟⲩⲑⲓ …]
Transcription: "Pharmouthi" (l. 2)
Months: ⲫⲁⲣⲙ̣[---
Weakdays
Feasts

Offices & titles

Toponyms & ethnonyms

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: I. Ghazali 151
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Ghazali 151
Other editions: Shinnie – Chittick 1961, p. 70, no. 3; I. Khartoum Copt. 76, pl. 47

Other publications

Text 59

Stable url

TrismegistosTM text 141224

Provenance: Ghazali
Region: Makuria
Findspot: Shinnie and Chittick’s excavations, passage outside western wall of northern church
Excavation no.: not registered
Present location: Sudan National Museum, Khartoum
Museum no.: SNM 11594

Medium: stela
Technique: incised
Type of text: epitaph
Language: Coptic
Content: epitaph of Petros
Date: 700–999
Notes

Material: sandstone
Object dimensions: H: 36; W: 23; Th: 6-14
Text dimensions: H: 32; W: 21
Object colour: grey-brown
Text colour
Lines: 14
Height of letters: c. 1.5

Description: Nearly complete rectangular slab, with only lower right corner broken off, but causing no damage to the text.
Decorative elements
State of preservation: text complete; right lower corner missing

Date: 700–999
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar

Dating formulae: ⲛⲥⲟⲩ ϫⲟⲩⲧⲥⲛⲟⲟⲩⲥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲃⲟⲧ ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲙ̣ϩⲱⲧ︤ⲡ︥
Transcription: "on day twenty-two of the month of Phamenoth" (ll. 11–14)
Months: ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲙ̣ϩⲱⲧ︤ⲡ︥
Weakdays
Feasts

Offices & titles

Toponyms & ethnonyms

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: I. Ghazali 16
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Ghazali 16
Other editions: Shinnie – Chittick 1961, p. 71, no. 4, pl. 26a; Kosack 1974, p. 326, no. 101; I. Khartoum Copt. 77, pl. 48

Other publications: Žabkar 1967, p. 18, n. 36 (on ll. 1–9, with transcription and translation into Greek); Roquet 1977, p. 166 (quoting ll. 1–2)

Text 60

Stable url

TrismegistosTM text 141225

Provenance: Ghazali
Region: Makuria
Findspot: Shinnie and Chittick’s excavations, cemetery 2, unknown circumstances
Excavation no.: not registered
Present location: Sudan National Museum, Khartoum
Museum no.: SNM 11612

Medium: stela
Technique: incised before firing
Type of text: epitaph
Language: Coptic
Content: fragment of epitaph of monk
Date: 700–999
Notes

Material: terracotta
Object dimensions: H: 20; W: 22; Th: 3.5
Text dimensions
Object colour: surface red
Text colour
Lines: 6
Height of letters: c. 2–2.5

Description: Right central part of a plaque with a fragment of the right margin preserved. The epigraphic field framed by an incised line, leaving the margin of ca. 0.5 cm in width.
Decorative elements
State of preservation: fragemntary; part of right margin preserved; put together from two pieces

Date: 700–999
Chronological systems: Egyptian calendar

Dating formulae: [ⲛⲥⲟⲩ ⲙⲛⲧ]ϣ̣ⲟⲙⲧⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ[ⲃⲟⲧ ⲡⲁⲩ]ⲛⲓ
Transcription: "on day thirteen of the month of Payni" (ll. 3–4)
Months: ⲡⲁⲩ]ⲛⲓ
Weakdays
Feasts

Offices & titles: brother (= monk) (ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲟⲛ): l. 1
monk (ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲭⲟⲥ): l. 2

Toponyms & ethnonyms

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Source: I. Ghazali 86
Image: Full-size image

Source
Image: Full-size image

Bibliography & list of abbreviations

Latest edition: I. Ghazali 86
Other editions: Shinnie – Chittick 1961, p. 77, no. 23; I. Khartoum Copt. 83, pl. 52, upper

Other publications

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